2024
Califf, S., Nair, M., Weimer, D., Zachman, N., & Poedjono, B. (2024). Assessment of the Weimer geomagnetic perturbation model for high-latitude positioning and navigation. Space Weather, 22, e2024SW004005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW004005
2025
Chen, R., Zhao, H., & Califf, S. (2025). Observations of fast local loss of high-energy ring current protons associated with deepening local minimum in phase space density. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2024GL112530. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112530
HGDM2024 and HDGM2024-RT
The High Definition Geomagnetic Model 2024 (HDGM2024) is a global, high-resolution model (degree 790) of the Earth's geomagnetic main and crustal fields, providing magnetic field values (total field, dip, and declination) at any point above or below the Earth's surface for the year 2024. An optional extension to the HDGM is the HDGM-RT, which provides near real-time estimates of the external disturbance field caused by the solar wind and includes a magnetic field model for daily variations due to ionospheric current systems.
HDGM2025 and HDGM2025-RT
The High Definition Geomagnetic Model 2025 (HDGM2025) is a global, high-resolution model (degree 790) of the Earth's geomagnetic main and crustal fields, providing magnetic field values (total field, dip, and declination) at any point above or below the Earth's surface for the year 2025. An optional extension to the HDGM is the HDGM-RT, which provides near real-time estimates of the external disturbance field caused by the solar wind and includes a magnetic field model for daily variations due to ionospheric current systems.
WMM2025 and WMMHR2025
The World Magnetic Model 2025 (WMM2025) is a core field model with degree and order 12, based on satellite observations, and forecasting the geomagnetic field through December 31, 2029. The World Magnetic Model High Resolution 2025 (WMMHR2025) provides a higher spatial resolution than WMM2025, with degree and order up to 133, and includes coverage of the large-scale crustal magnetic field. The WMM is the standard model used for navigation, attitude, and heading referencing systems that rely on the geomagnetic field.
IGRF-14
The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), 14th generation, is a model that describes the core field from 1900 to 2030. It was developed by an international team of scientists, under the auspices of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA).
Real-Time Prediction of Disturbance Storm-Time Indices (Dst)
Real-time Disturbance-storm-time (Dst) indices forecasted by Machine-Learning (ML) modeling of solar-wind data
Note: The observatory-based Dst (plotted for comparison) are obtained from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism in Kyoto. These "Quicklook" Dst values are unverified, may contain errors, and are subject to change.
World Magnetic Model 2025 Google Spreadsheet Application
Overview
This Google Sheets application provides a convenient way to calculate the Earth's main magnetic field components using the official World Magnetic Model (WMM) 2025. The WMM is a standard model developed by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the British Geological Survey (BGS), representing the global magnetic field for a specific five-year epoch.
